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This is a list of notable political endorsements for declared candidates for the Republican primaries for the 2016 United States presidential election. Endorsements are part of the "invisible primary" process, which occurs not only long before the general election in November 2016, but also largely occurs before even the caucuses and primaries have begun in February 2016; besides endorsements (from politicians/commentators/activists/staffers/celebrities), other key aspects of the invisible primaries include early polling especially in swing states), fundraising (including super PACs), messaging (books, interviews, etc. as well as debates which as of 2015 are often linked to national polling averages), and a demonstrated record of helping other Republican candidates succeed in the past. When explaining the degree of success a presidential candidate achieves in the caucuses and primaries, during the elections of 1980 through 2004, early endorsements were the most important cause. (See the UCLA School of Political Parties.) The value of political endorsements varies, depending on whom they are from, when the are given, and other factors. Especially crucial are endorsements from politicians who live in the chronologically-earlier states during the 2016 caucuses and primaries.〔 Particularly valuable are endorsements from governors, federal senators, and federal representatives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pols And Polls Say The Same Thing: Jeb Bush Is A Weak Front-Runner )〕 Endorsements given by a person (or group) from the candidate's home state are usually less valuable, unless multiple candidates from that state are running.〔 Historically, there is a correlation ("76% of the eventual vote percentage"〔) between the percentage of political endorsements from sitting and former elected officials earned by a Republican candidate in the first half of the year prior to a presidential election (for purposes of this article January 1, 2015 through June 30, 2015), with the percentage of votes cast for that candidate in the Republican primaries during the first half of the election year (for purposes of this article January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016). The impact of celebrity endorsements of political candidates is less clear, and somewhat controversial, but in some cases can increase general election turnout,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Oprah Effect )〕 or increase fundraising totals and media exposure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Most Valuable Celebrity Political Endorsements: Jay-Z & More (PHOTOS) )〕 Unless otherwise stated, all individuals/groups listed below as giving endorsements, are members of (or supporters of) the Republican Party. ==Jeb Bush== (詳細はJeb Bush (born in 1953) was the 43rd Governor of Florida (1999–2007). He was raised in Texas, where his brother, George was governor(1995–2000) and President of the United States (2001-2009) and his father, George H. W. Bush, was a representative (1967–71)and President of the United States (1989-1993). He was a Texas banker (1974–79) and Florida real estate developer (1980–86) before entering politics. ;U.S. Presidents and First Ladies (former) * George H. W. Bush 41st President of the United States (1989–93); candidate's father〔 * Barbara Bush〔〔 First Lady of the United States to George H.W. Bush (1989–93); candidate's mother * George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States (2001–09); candidate's brother〔 * Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States to George W. Bush (2001–09); candidate's sister-in-law〔http://news.yahoo.com/george-laura-bush-endorsed-jeb-bush-president-182323349.html〕 ;U.S. Vice Presidents (former) * Dan Quayle, 44th Vice President (1989–93)〔 ;Cabinet Officials (former) * Spencer Abraham, 10th Secretary of Energy (2001-2005), former Senator from Michigan (1995-2001)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bill Schuette endorses Jeb Bush for president )〕 * William P. Barr, 77th United States Attorney General (1991-1993)〔 * Joshua Bolten, former White House Chief of Staff (2006-2009)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush Launches Jewish Leadership Team )〕 * Donald Evans, 34th Secretary of Commerce (2001–05),〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb! : Texas Leadership Committee )〕 also on board of George W. Bush Foundation 501(c)3〔 * Michael Mukasey, 81st United States Attorney General (2007-2009)〔 * James Nicholson, 5th Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2005-2007)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Former US envoys to the Vatican endorse Jeb Bush )〕 * Henry Paulson, 74th Secretary of the Treasury (2006-2009) * Tom Ridge, 1st Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–05), 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania (1995–2001), former U.S. Representative * Pat Saiki, 17th Administrator of the Small Business Administration (1991-1993)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush says aloha to the Hawaii state ballot )〕 ;U.S. Governors (former) * Bob Riley, 52nd Governor of Alabama (2003–11)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush receives endorsement of former Alabama Gov. Bob Riley for GOP nomination )〕 * Fife Symington, 19th Governor of Arizona (1991–97)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush's Arizona supporters include Dan Quayle, Fife Symington )〕 * Bill Owens, 40th Governor of Colorado (1999–2007)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gov. Owens backs Jeb Bush in 2016 )〕 * Luis Fortuño, 10th Governor of Puerto Rico (2009–13) * John McKernan, 71st Governor of Maine (1987–95) * William Weld, 68th Governor of Massachusetts (1991–97)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jane Swift, William Weld back Jeb Bush )〕 * Jane Swift, former Acting Governor of Massachusetts (2001-2003)〔 * Jim Edgar, 38th Governor of Illinois (1991–98)〔http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/254682-house-lawmaker-joins-bush-as-illinois-campaign-chair〕 * Tommy Thompson, 42nd Governor of Wisconsin (1987–2001)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tommy Thompson Endorses Jeb Bush )〕 ;U.S. Senators (current and former) * Susan Collins of Maine * Bob Dole of Kansas (former), also 1996 Republican presidential nominee and 1976 Republican vice presidential nominee〔http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/11/politics/bob-dole-jeb-bush-endorsement-veteran/index.html〕 * Peter Fitzgerald of Illinois (former), also founder of Chain Bridge Bank * Orrin Hatch, President pro tempore of the United States Senate of Utah〔 * Mike Johanns of Nebraska (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Former Sen. Mike Johanns endorses Jeb Bush for president )〕 * Dean Heller of Nevada〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nevada Sen. Heller endorses Jeb Bush for president )〕 * Mack Mattingly of Georgia (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date= 2015-06-30 )〕 * Bill Frist of Tennessee (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush Tennessee delegate slate headlined by Frist )〕 * Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas (former)〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WASHINGTON: Former Texas Senator Hutchison endorses Jeb Bush - Washington Watch - McClatchy DC )〕 * Mel Martinez of Florida (former) * George LeMieux of Florida (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prominent Broward Republicans jump on Jeb Bush campaign )〕 * Judd Gregg of New Hampshire (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Former Sen. Judd Gregg endorses Jeb Bush for President )〕 * Alan K. Simpson of Wyoming (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush Picks Up Endorsement from Former Sen. Alan Simpson )〕 ;U.S. Representatives (current and former) * Mimi Walters, Representative from California〔https://twitter.com/MimiWaltersCA/status/655555944806354946〕 * Mike Rogers, Representative from Alabama〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rep. Mike Rogers: 'I'm proud to endorse Jeb Bush )〕 * Jeff Denham, Representative from California〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bush Endorsed by 75 Veterans Ahead of His VA Overhaul Plan: Fox )〕 * David Valadao, Representative from California〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rep. David Valadao endorses Jeb Bush for president )〕 * Steve Buyer, former Representative from Indiana〔 * Greg Ganske, former Representative from Iowa * Vin Weber, former Representative from Minnesota〔 * Ann Wagner, Representative from Missouri〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Religious Liberty Advisory Committee )〕 * Mark Amodei, Representative from Nevada〔 * Adam Kinzinger, Representative from Illinois〔 * Chris Collins, Representative from New York〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rep. Reed endorses Jeb Bush )〕 * Tom Reed, Representative from New York〔 * Tom Loeffler, former Representative from Texas〔〔 * Patrick McHenry, Representative from North Carolina〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Patrick McHenry will chair Jeb Bush’s NC campaign )〕 * Thomas F. Hartnett, former Representative from South Carolina〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush names S.C. leadership team )〕 * Pete Sessions, Representative from Texas〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2016 hopefuls look for love in a very wrong place )〕 * Kay Granger, Representative from Texas〔 * Gus Bilirakis, Representative from Florida〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush )〕 * Vern Buchanan, Representative from Florida〔 * Ander Crenshaw, Representative from Florida〔 * Carlos Curbelo, Representative from Florida〔 * Mario Díaz-Balart, Representative from Florida〔 * David Jolly, Representative from Florida〔 * John Mica, Representative from Florida〔 * Jeff Miller, Representative from Florida〔 * Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Representative from Florida〔 * Dennis A. Ross, Representative from Florida〔 * Daniel Webster, Representative from Florida〔 * Lincoln Díaz-Balart, former Representative from Florida〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush announces Miami-Dade leadership team, satellite campaign office )〕 * Tom Feeney, former Representative from Florida〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GOP Florida House speakers past and present back Jeb Bush )〕 * Dave Weldon, former Representative from Florida〔 * David Trott, Representative from Michigan〔 * Mike Bishop, Representative from Michigan〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GOP Rep. Mike Bishop backs Bush for president )〕 * Gary Franks, former Representative from Connecticut〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Connecticut’s first black congressman endorses Jeb Bush )〕 * Luke Messer, Representative from Indiana〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=House leader endorses Bush for president )〕 * Eric Cantor, former House Majority Leader (from Virginia)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eric Cantor to endorse Jeb Bush )〕 ;U.S. Ambassadors (former) * Chuck Larson, to Latvia (former), also former Iowa State Senator〔https://jeb2016.com/communications/iowa-statewide-leaders-and-county-chairs/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=iowaleader_twitter_social_20151019_e_v1〕 * Jeanne L. Phillips, to the OECD (former),〔 also on the board of the George W. Bush Foundation 501(c)3〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=George W. Bush Presidential Center Media Kit )〕 * Mary Kramer, to Barbados (former),〔 also former Iowa State Senator * Warren Tichenor, to the UN (former).〔〔 * Pamela Willeford, to Switzerland (former).〔〔 * Rick Graber, to the Czech Republic (former), also former chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush gains support of Richard Graber, longtime Wisconsin GOP leader )〕 * Hushang Ansary, from Iran (1967-1969), also former director of the National Iranian Oil Company〔 * Francis Rooney, to the Holy See〔 * Mary Ann Glendon, to the Holy See〔 * Mel Sembler, to Italy and to Australia and Nauru〔 * Ned Siegel, to the Bahamas〔 ;Republican National Committee members (former) * Brian Kennedy, former Republican Party of Iowa chair.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush touts Iowa support )〕 * Rhona Charbonneau, former New Hampshire Republican Party Chair. ;Statewide Officials * Kay Ivey, Lieutenant Governor of Alabama〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alabama Lt. Gov. Kay Ivey endorses Jeb Bush for President )〕 * Walker Stapleton, Colorado State Treasurer〔 * Jeff Atwater, Chief Financial Officer of Florida〔 * Pam Bondi, Attorney General of Florida〔 * Adam Putnam, Florida Commissioner of Agriculture.〔 * Sue M. Cobb, United States Ambassador to Jamaica (2001-2005) and Secretary of State of Florida (2005-2007)〔 * Casey Cagle, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia * Sam Olens, Attorney General of Georgia〔 * Stan Wise, Georgia Public Service Commissioner〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush names additional Georgia campaign supporters )〕 * Kerry Healey, former Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts〔 * Terri Lynn Land, former Secretary of State of Michigan〔 * Bill Schuette, Attorney General of Michigan〔 * Mike Cox, former Michigan Attorney General〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush Announces Support from More Than 200 Additional Michigan Grassroots and State Leaders )〕 * Brian Krolicki, former Lieutenant Governor and State Treasurer of Nevada * Scott Pruitt, Attorney General of Oklahoma〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bush Looks to Curtail Federal Power )〕 * George P. Bush, son of the candidate, Texas Land Commissioner〔 * John H. Hager, former Lieutenant Governor of Virginia〔 * Jerry Kilgore, former Attorney General of Virginia〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bush, Rubio, Cruz, Christie campaigns snag former Walker supporters )〕 ;State Legislators * Four Alabama State Senators: J. T. Waggoner,〔 Jimmy Holley,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush presidential bid picks up 3 endorsement from Alabama lawmakers )〕 Steve Livingston,〔 Gerald Dial〔 * Arizona State Senator: Steve Pierce (former President of the Senate)〔 * Arizona State Representative: Bob Robson〔 * Two Colorado State Representatives: Frank McNulty (former Speaker),〔 Mark Waller (former)〔 * Twenty-one Florida State Senators: Anitere Flores,〔 Rudy Garcia (former),〔 Greg Evers,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush continues to lock down Florida support with Escambia County team )〕 Andy Gardiner (Senate President),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bush announces endorsements from 20 Florida senators )〕 Garrett Richter (Senate President pro tempore),〔 Bill Galvano (Senate Majority Leader),〔 Denise Grimsley (Senate Deputy Majority Leader),〔 Thad Altman,〔 Aaron Bean,〔 Rob Bradley,〔 Lizbeth Benacquisto,〔 Jeff Brandes,〔 Nancy Detert,〔 Don Gaetz,〔 Dorothy Hukill,〔 Jack Latvala,〔 John Legg,〔 Joe Negron,〔 Wilton Simpson,〔 David H. Simmons,〔 Kelli Stargel〔 * Twenty-two Florida State Representatives: Frank Artiles,〔 Michael Bileca,〔 Jose Felix Diaz,〔 Manny Díaz, Jr.,〔 Erik Fresen,〔 José R. Oliva,〔 Holly Merrill Raschein,〔 Carlos Trujillo,〔 Arnhilda Badia (former),〔 Juan-Carlos Planas (former),〔 Julio Robaina (former),〔 John E. Thrasher (former Speaker),〔 Allan Bense (former Speaker),〔 Larry Cretul (former Speaker),〔 Dean Cannon (former Speaker),〔 Will Weatherford (former Speaker),〔 Steve Crisafulli (Speaker),〔 Clay Ingram,〔 Lois Benson (former),〔 George Moraitis,〔 Frank Attkisson (former),〔 Jim Kallinger (former)〔 * Six Georgia State Senators: Brandon Beach,〔 John Kennedy,〔 Jeff Mullis,〔 John Wilkinson,〔 Matt Dollar,〔 Joe Wilkinson〔 * Georgia State Representative: Ed Lindsey (former Majority Whip)〔 * Hawaii State Representative: Barbara Marumoto (former)〔 * Five Illinois State Senators: Bill Brady,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Additional Illinois Support for Jeb 2016 )〕 Karen McConnaughay,〔 Chris Nybo,〔 Sue Rezin,〔 Kirk Dillard (former)〔 * Five Illinois State Representatives: Raymond Poe,〔 Adam Brown,〔 Tom Cross (former),〔 Renée Kosel (former),〔 Skip Saviano (former)〔 * Seven Iowa State Senators: Charles Schneider.,〔 Doug Shull (former),〔 Merlin Hulse (former),〔 John Putney (former),〔 Jeff Lamberti (former)〔 (see also Mary Kramer and Chuck Larson, Jr.) * Twelve Iowa State Representatives: Ron Jorgensen,〔 Zach Nunn,〔 Ken Rizer,〔 Linda Miller,〔http://www.p2016.org/bush/bush081315pria.html〕 Robert Bacon,〔https://jeb2016.com/jeb-picks-up-endorsements-of-three-conservative-leaders-in-iowa-2/?lang=en〕 Renee Schulte (former).,〔 Terry Baxter,〔 Janet Metcalf (former),〔http://www.kcci.com/politics/jeb-bush-campaign-announces-its-polk-county-leadership-team/35581986〕 Walt Tomenga (former),〔 Willard Jenkins (former),〔 Pat Shey (former),〔 Gary Blodgett (former)〔 * Louisiana State Senator: Conrad Appel〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush announces Louisiana campaign team )〕 * Louisiana State Representative: Nancy Landry〔 * Nine Michigan State Representatives: Kathy Crawford,〔 Andrea LaFontaine,〔 Mike McCready,〔 Amanda Price,〔 Ken Yonker,〔 Laura Cox,〔 David Maturen,〔 Gail Haines (former),〔 Mark Ouimet (former)〔 * Two Michigan State Senators: Goeff Hansen,〔 Philip Hoffman (former)〔 * Five Members of the Nevada Assembly: Paul Anderson (Majority Leader), John Hambrick (Speaker), Melissa Woodbury, David M. Gardner,〔 Philip "P.K." O'Neill〔 *One New Hampshire Governor's Councilor: Bill Cahill (former) 〔 * Five New Hampshire State Senators: Russell Prescott,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prescott leads first group of committed NH Bush-backers )〕 Bruce Keough (former),〔 Rhona Charbonneau (former),〔 Bob Odell (former),〔 Chuck Morse (Senate President)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Bush lands Senate President Chuck Morse in major endorsement )〕 * Four New Hampshire State Representatives: William Gannon,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= New Granite State Bush supporters include former executive councilor, state senator )〕 Carlos Gonzalez,〔 Barry Palmer,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=With Walker out, Nashua lawmaker, vets leader now backing Bush )〕 Robert Rowe〔 * New Jersey State Senator: Joseph Kyrillos Jr * Two North Carolina State Senators: Tom Apodaca,〔 Brent Jackson〔 * North Carolina State Representative: Charles Jeter〔 * South Carolina State Representative: Samuel Rivers, Jr.〔 * Two South Carolina State Senators: Paul Thurmond,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=State Senator Paul Thurmond endorses Jeb Bush for President )〕 Katrina Shealy〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jeb Announces South Carolina Grand Strand Leadership Team )〕 * Tennessee State Representative: Mark White〔 * Texas State Senator: Florence Shapiro (former)〔 * Texas State Representative: Joe Straus (Speaker).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Texas House Speaker Straus Backs Bush For President )〕 * Virginia State Senator: Ken Stolle (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=More Virginia pols line up behind Jeb Bush after Walker’s exit )〕 * Three Virginia State Delegates: Will Morefield,〔 Bobby Orrock,〔 David Yancey〔 ;Mayors and other municipal leaders * Teresa Jacobs, Orange County Mayor〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jacobs endorses Jeb for President )〕 * Pat Brister, St. Tammany Parish President〔 ;Businesspeople * California: Craig McCaw (cellphone pioneer).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Here’s where all the presidential candidates get their campaign money )〕 * Florida: Charles E. Cobb (chief executive officer and senior managing director of Cobb Partners, Ltd.)〔 * Illinois: Byron Trott (banker).〔 * New York: Woody Johnson (owner of the New York Jets),〔 Henry Kravis financier〔 * Texas: Gerald J. Ford (former CEO of Golden State Bancorp,〔〔 no relation to President Ford), T. Boone Pickens (chairman of his investment firm BP Capital Management),〔〔〔 Fayez Sarofim (investment manager, second largest shareholder of Kinder Morgan, part owner of the Houston Texans),〔〔 John Nau (beer distributor),〔〔 Trevor Rees-Jones (oil industry),〔 David Weekley (construction industry),〔〔 ;Celebrities, Commentators, and Activists * Virginia: Kay Coles James, former Director of United States Office of Personnel Management〔 * Pennsylvania: Lynn Swann, former NFL player〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Former NFL player Lynn Swann endorses Jeb Bush for president )〕 *Brady Quinn, former NFL player ==Ben Carson== (詳細はBen Carson (born in 1951) was a Maryland brain surgeon and professor (1984–2013). He was raised in Michigan. He is an author, speaker, and runs a scholarship fund. He also served on the board of directors for Kellogg and Costco Wholesale Corporation for 18 and 16 years respectively. ;State Legislators * Iowa State Representative: Rob Taylor〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bush out of Iowa straw poll; others undecided )〕 * Michigan State Senator: Mike Shirkey〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dr. Ben Carson Announces State Senator Mike Shirkey State Chair for Michigan )〕 * Two New Hampshire State Representatives: Bob Giuda (former Deputy Majority Leader),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ben Carson picks up endorsements as wife heads to New Hampshire )〕 Joseph Fleck (former)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dr. Ben Carson Announces New Co-Chairs for New Hampshire )〕 ;Individuals * Charles W. Pickering, retired federal judge〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dr. Ben Carson Announces Retired Judge Charles W. Pickering as State Chair for Mississippi )〕 ;Celebrities, Commentators, and Activists * Kelsey Grammer, actor * Kid Rock, musician * Roger McGuinn, lead singer of The Byrds〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hollywood Conservative Buzz Builds for Ben Carson as GOP Contender Surges in Polls )〕 * Richard Petty, seven-time NASCAR Champion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ben Carson: NASCAR Fans Should Keep Flying The Confederate Flag On Private Property )〕 * Mickey Rourke, actor〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mickey Rourke Calls Donald Trump ‘Big Mouthed Bitch Bully,’ Endorses GOP Candidate ‘The Black Dude’ )〕 * Armstrong Williams, radio/print/television commentator, former Reagan staffer who helped make Martin Luther King's birthday a federal holiday * Johnnie Moore, Jr., writer and activist〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carson names an evangelical millennial as faith advisor — the third GOP candidate to do so )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Endorsements for the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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